Rutgers Scientist Harnesses Lasers to Revolutionize Weed Control

A groundbreaking initiative at Rutgers University is testing a laser-based technology designed to eliminate weeds without the use of chemicals. Led by Thierry Besançon, an associate professor in the Department of Plant Biology, this innovative approach employs artificial intelligence and lasers to distinguish between crops and unwanted plants. The recent field trials in New Jersey mark the first peer-reviewed study of artificial intelligence-guided laser weeding on the East Coast, with findings published in the journal Pest Management Science.

The machine, developed in collaboration with Carbon Robotics, utilizes high-resolution cameras and deep learning algorithms to identify weeds in real time. According to Besançon, “It’s pure physics. There’s no herbicide involved. It’s just light energy targeting the weeds.” Early results from the trials indicate that the laser weeder performed comparably to traditional herbicides, and in some instances, even enhanced crop growth. This is particularly beneficial for small farms in New Jersey, where many specialty crops, including spinach and herbs, have limited herbicide options.

Field trials were conducted during the spring and summer of 2024 at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center located in Upper Deerfield, near Bridgeton. Besançon worked alongside Dr. Lynn Sosnoskie from Cornell University, testing the technology on crops such as spinach, peas, and beets. The trials garnered support from the Vegetable Growers Association of New Jersey and the Rutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station.

The significance of these trials has drawn attention from the scientific community. In an editorial in Pest Management Science, Stephen O. Duke, a respected weed scientist at the University of Mississippi, described the research as “potentially transformative.” He compared the technology to the introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops, which have had a major impact on agricultural practices. Duke emphasized the study’s ability to provide “convincing evidence” that artificial intelligence-guided lasers could soon revolutionize weed control.

The machine operates under the supervision of a trained technician, achieving impressive precision. Besançon noted, “We had weeds growing just half a centimeter from the crop seedlings, and there was no laser damage to the crops.” This level of accuracy is crucial for farmers, especially those growing delicate crops.

Despite its potential, challenges remain. The initial cost of the laser weeder is substantial, starting at approximately $500,000. The technology is most effective on short-season crops and necessitates multiple passes throughout the growing season, particularly in the humid East Coast climate where weeds thrive. Farmers must be vigilant, as the laser works best on smaller weeds, requiring prompt action to prevent larger infestations.

Besançon remains optimistic about the future of this technology. “They’re already working on faster, more efficient versions,” he stated, envisioning a machine that could operate at five miles per hour instead of the current one or two miles per hour. The benefits of eliminating herbicides are clear, reducing chemical exposure for agricultural workers, consumers, and the environment. Furthermore, this method addresses the growing issue of herbicide-resistant weeds, such as Palmer amaranth, which pose significant challenges in regions like New Jersey and New York.

“We are using photons for weed control,” Besançon explained, highlighting the innovative nature of the technology. As it matures and becomes more accessible, he believes it could significantly alter weed management practices, especially for organic and specialty crop producers. “It’s moving fast,” he remarked.

The adoption of AI-guided machines equipped with laser technology is already gaining momentum among farmers on the West Coast as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional herbicides. Besançon envisions similar opportunities for growers on the East Coast and beyond, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in safeguarding the food supply. “We need to grow vegetables like peas, beets, and spinach, and we need better ways to control weeds without harming the crops or the planet,” he said.

Reflecting on his journey into this cutting-edge field, Besançon admitted, “Ten years ago, I would not have believed it. But here we are. It’s exciting, and it’s just the beginning.” The collaboration with technicians, such as Wesley Bouchelle from the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, has further enriched this promising research, paving the way for a new era in agricultural weed control.