Researchers at the University of Westminster have unveiled significant findings regarding the gluteus maximus muscle, suggesting its shape may be indicative of metabolic health. This study, which analyzed over 61,000 MRI scans from a comprehensive UK health database, highlights how variations in muscle shape correlate with age, gender, lifestyle, and frailty.
Presenting their findings at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in December 2023, the researchers emphasized that the shape of the gluteus maximus, rather than its size, may provide valuable insights into underlying metabolic differences. Lead author E. Louise Thomas, Ph.D., a professor of metabolic imaging at the University, stated that understanding these changes could improve assessments of metabolic health.
The researchers found that participants with higher fitness levels, indicated by vigorous physical activity and hand grip strength, exhibited a more pronounced gluteus maximus shape. Conversely, aging, frailty, and prolonged periods of sitting were linked to muscle thinning. Co-author Marjola Thanaj, Ph.D., a senior research fellow at the university, noted that these observations could serve as early indicators of functional decline and metabolic challenges, particularly for individuals with type 2 diabetes.
The study revealed notable differences based on gender. Men with type 2 diabetes showed muscle shrinkage, while women exhibited enlargement, potentially due to fat infiltration within the muscle. Furthermore, frailty in men led to more extensive shrinkage across the gluteus maximus, while women experienced a milder effect.
As the findings suggest a connection between gluteus maximus shape and health conditions, health experts are advocating for targeted exercises to strengthen this muscle. Tanya Becker, co-founder of Physique 57 in New York City, emphasized the importance of glute strength. She referred to the glutes as the body’s “shock absorbers,” critical for protecting the lower back, knees, and hips from undue stress.
Becker underscored that larger muscle groups, such as the gluteus maximus, not only enhance physical performance but also contribute to caloric expenditure and blood sugar regulation. She highlighted that strengthening these muscles could mitigate the risk of falls and improve overall mobility.
To enhance glute strength, Becker recommends exercises such as squats, lunges, and bridges. For those with physical limitations or injuries, she suggests alternative bodyweight exercises found in Pilates and barre classes. These activities can be performed anywhere, making them accessible for beginners before progressing to weighted exercises.
In conclusion, the research from the University of Westminster illustrates the critical role that the gluteus maximus plays in metabolic health and overall well-being. By focusing on this muscle group, individuals may not only improve their fitness but also gain insights into their metabolic status, potentially leading to better health outcomes as they age.
