The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile has significantly upgraded its capabilities by integrating 145 new low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). This enhancement, a collaboration between the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics (IAF) and the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR), expands ALMA’s frequency coverage to the range of 67 to 116 GHz. This upgrade will bolster the telescope’s ability to observe the cosmos, focusing on the intricate details of the interstellar medium, planet-forming disks, and complex organic molecules.
ALMA, renowned for its role as one of the world’s most powerful radio telescopes, utilizes its 66 parabolic antennas to detect millimeter and submillimeter radiation emitted by cold molecular clouds. These clouds are crucial for star formation and provide insights into the universe’s early conditions. The new LNAs will enhance the sensitivity of ALMA’s receivers, thereby allowing researchers to explore the “cold interstellar medium” more effectively, which includes essential dust, gas, and radiation.
The improvements will enable scientists to investigate the processes through which stars and planetary systems form and evolve. The study of complex organic molecules (COMs) in nearby galaxies is particularly exciting, as these molecules are considered precursors to the building blocks of life, such as DNA and RNA.
The integration of these LNAs is a technical achievement, featuring monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) developed by the Fraunhofer IAF. These components utilize indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) and are based on advanced metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistor (mHEMT) technology. This technology allows for enhanced performance in high-frequency applications, amplifying low-noise signals while minimizing background interference. With this upgrade, ALMA’s observational capabilities will reach new heights.
Collaboration Between Leading Research Institutes
The project represents a successful collaboration between the IAF and MPIfR, commissioned by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) to deliver these amplifiers. Dr. Fabian Thome, who leads the subproject at Fraunhofer IAF, stated that the organization was responsible for the design, manufacture, and testing of the MMICs. In contrast, MPIfR focused on assembling and qualifying the LNA modules, subsequently testing them under cryogenic conditions.
Prof. Dr. Michael Kramer, executive director at MPIfR, expressed pride in their joint efforts, remarking, “This is a wonderful recognition of our fantastic collaboration with Fraunhofer IAF, which shows that our amplifiers are not only ‘made in Germany’ but also the best in the world.”
This strategic enhancement not only underscores the ongoing commitment to advancing astronomical research but also reflects the importance of international collaboration in scientific endeavors. As ALMA continues to push the boundaries of our understanding of the universe, the implications of this upgrade will resonate throughout various scientific fields, ultimately enriching our knowledge of cosmic phenomena and the origins of life itself.
