The 101st Airborne Division, renowned for its crucial role in multiple conflicts, including D-Day and the Vietnam War, carries with it a unique symbol—the screaming eagle. This emblem, featured prominently on the division’s insignia, not only represents military excellence but also has deep historical roots that trace back to the American Civil War.
The division’s insignia honors a remarkable bird named Old Abe, a bald eagle that became a beloved mascot for the 8th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment. Captured in 1861 by Chief Big Sky of the Lac du Flambeau Band of the Lake Superior Ojibwe, Old Abe was sold to Daniel McCann for a bushel of corn. Initially kept as a pet, McCann quickly realized the eagle’s growing size and expense necessitated its sale. Ultimately, he sold Old Abe to Captain John E. Perkins for $2.50.
Once part of the 8th Wisconsin, Old Abe became a symbol of inspiration and pride. He was carried into battle perched on a black shield attached to a wooden pole, accompanying the regiment in 37 battles, including significant engagements at Vicksburg and Corinth. His presence in combat was so impactful that Colonel Rufus Dawes noted that Confederate prisoners expressed a desire to capture Old Abe more than to seize an entire brigade of men.
The eagle’s fame grew, and during the Battle of Corinth, Confederate General Sterling Price issued a command to capture or kill the eagle at all costs, stating, “that bird must be captured or killed at all hazards.” Despite the efforts of the Confederate forces, Old Abe remained with the 8th Wisconsin, mustering out alongside the unit in 1864.
After the war, the men of the 8th Wisconsin donated Old Abe to the state of Wisconsin. He spent his later years in the state capitol building, where he represented not only the bravery of the soldiers but also the spirit of the state. Unfortunately, the conditions in which he was kept deteriorated over time. According to the Wisconsin Historical Society, Old Abe suffered from exhaustion, exposure, and malnutrition.
In 1881, a fire broke out in the capitol building. Although Old Abe survived the flames, he succumbed to smoke inhalation shortly thereafter, passing away within a month. Despite his death, his legacy endures. The 101st Airborne Division adopted Old Abe’s image as its insignia in 1921, cementing his status as a symbol of both airborne and air assault combat capabilities.
The history of the 101st Airborne Division and its iconic screaming eagle continues to be a source of pride and inspiration for soldiers and the American public alike. Old Abe’s story serves as a reminder of the bonds forged in battle and the enduring spirit of courage that characterizes the division.
